Sunday, 29 December 2019

Early diagnosis of anemia and its impact on public health

Early diagnosis of anemia and its impact on public health
Small anemia pellets
Small-cell anemia appears due to the lack or lack of hemoglobin production and this is due to several reasons:
Defective heme formation
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia associated with chronic diseases
Defective globulin formation
Mediterranean (thalassemia) anemia, alpha and beta syndromes
Type E hemoglobin syndrome
Type C hemoglobin syndrome
And other unstable hemoglobin diseases.
Lead result defects
Hereditary anemia due to increased lead
Acquired anemia due to increased lead included (lead poisoning)
Reversible anemia associated with increased lead
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia and has many causes. Where red blood cells appear dye (color) (paler than usual), and small (smaller than usual) when viewed with a microscope.
Large anemia pellets
Megaloblastic anemia:
Severely anemia.
It may also result from the removal of the active part of the stomach, such as: during a surgical skipping process, which leads to reduced absorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid. Therefore one must pay attention to this type of anemia of this procedure.
Hypothyroidism
Alcohol abuse is a common cause of large red blood cells, but it is not necessary to be accompanied by anemia. There are other types of liver disease that can also cause this.
Some medicines such as methotrexate, zidovudine, and other medicines that prevent DNA transcription.
Macrocytic anemia can be divided into megaloblastic anemia and megaloblastic anemia. The cause of megaloblastic anemia is primarily due to a failure to form DNA while maintaining the formation of RNA, which leads to the identification of primary cell division. Monoblastic anemia is often accompanied by the presence of white blood cells with a nucleus divided into many parts (6-10 parts). As for non-monoblastic anemia, it is accompanied by many other causes (lack of deficiency in the formation of DNA), which occurs For example, in cases of alcoholism.
Anemia, other than pellets
This type of hemopoietic anemia usually occurs when hemoglobin levels decrease, while the average spherical volume is still normal. The reasons include:
Acute hemorrhagic blood loss
Anemia associated with chronic diseases
Aplastic anemia (bone marrow failure)
Hemolytic anemia
Bi-anemia
When two causes of anemia occur together at the same time, for example anemia of a large number of weak-colored pellets due to infection with the worm of ankylostoma that leads to deficiency of both iron and vitamin B12 or folic acid, or after the blood transfusion process, an imbalance may be observed in more than one of the factors Red blood cells. Evidence of multiple causes is an increase in the diameter of red blood cells, which is taken as a criterion for increasing the size of red blood cells.
Heinz bodies
Heinz bodies form in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes, which appear under a microscope like small black dots. There are many causes for this type of anemia, some of which may be caused by medication. It may occur in cats, due to ingestion of onions or acetaminophen (Tylenol). It can occur in dogs as a result of eating onions or zinc, and in horses from eating dry red maple leaves.
In general, doctors require a specific blood ratio in the initial blood tests to diagnose the presence of anemia. Laboratory results give the red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration, automatic counters and also measure the size of red blood cells by measuring flow cytometry which is important in distinguishing the causes of anemia. Examination of a blood film dyed under the microscope also helps in the diagnosis and may sometimes be necessary in areas of the world where automated analysis is difficult to access.
Four criteria are measured:
Red blood cell count
Hemoglobin concentration
Average spherical size
Average diameter of red blood cells.
This allows the calculation of other criteria:
Hematocrit
Middle hemoglobin
MCHC
When the cause is not clear, doctors use other tests: such as the speed of blood sedimentation, the iron-carrying protein level, the iron level in the blood, the iron-carrying protein level, the folic acid level in red blood cells, the vitamin B12 level in the blood, the electrical separation of hemoglobin, Kidney function tests (creatinine level in the blood).
If the diagnosis is not reached, then the bone marrow examination provides direct examination of red cell precursors.
Hemolytic anemia
When red blood cells are deformed and cannot withstand the routine stress caused by blood circulation, they may tear prematurely, causing hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia can either develop at birth or develop later. It may happen that this is done without a known cause (spontaneous). In general, the known causes of hemolytic anemia may include any of the following:
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder that particularly affects African Americans, where red blood cells form the crescent due to a genetic defect. These cells break down more quickly than normal cells, which does not give an opportunity for oxygen to reach the body’s organs in the necessary quantities, and therefore a person develops anemia. Also, these cells (which are shaped like a crescent moon) are easily attached to the small blood vessels, causing pain.
Intervention: anemia caused by deficiency of the dehydrogenase hexa phosphate (G6PD).
Stress and infections, medications, or toxins like spider venom, snakes, or some food.
Toxins produced in the body due to advanced chronic diseases of the kidneys and liver.
Wrong attack by the immune system (which is called neonatal dissolution when infecting the fetus during pregnancy).
When sharing this topic or quote, please list the source and link of the page, and thank you for your cooperation
at
Labels: ,

No comments:

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)