Effective drugs for blood pressure diseases and their symptoms

Effective drugs for blood pressure diseases and their symptoms

A comparison of global guidelines for the treatment of hypertension

Several classes of drugs are now available to treat high blood pressure, collectively referred to as antihypertensive. When prescribing medications, consider the extent of a person's cardiovascular risk (including the risk of cardiomyopathy and stroke risk) and blood pressure readings to obtain a clearer picture of the patient's cardiovascular body. Patient benefit is related to the amount of heart disease risk factors. Evidence that people with mild hypertension benefit (average systolic blood pressure less than 160 mmHg and / or diastolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg) and have no other health problems that do not support a reduced risk of death or the rate of health complications caused by drug therapy. Medicines are not recommended for people with pre-hypertensive or high normal blood pressure.

If treatment with medication begins, the Joint National Committee for Hypertension of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at its seventh meeting (JNC-7) decisions recommends that the doctor monitor the response to treatment and evaluate any side effects that may result from taking medications. Reducing blood pressure by 5 mm Hg can reduce the risk of stroke by 34% and the risk of ischemic heart disease by 21%. Reducing blood pressure can also reduce the risk of dementia, heart failure and death due to cardiovascular disease. The goal of treatment should be to lower blood pressure to less than 140/90 mm Hg in most people, and less for people with diabetes or kidney disease. Some medical professionals recommend maintaining levels below 120/80 mm Hg. There is no evidence that blood pressure should be lower than these levels. Because of the possibility of increased side effects. There is a need for further treatment or change if the intended blood pressure is not reached, especially in cases of medical inertia.

Instructions about medication options and the best methods for determining treatment for various minor groups have changed over time and vary from country to country. Experts do not agree on the best medicine. The Cochrane Foundation, the World Health Organization, and US guidelines support the use of a light dose of thiazide diuretics as a preferred primary treatment. The UK guidelines emphasize calcium channel blockers for people over fifty-five years of age or of African or Caribbean descent. These guidelines recommend angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors as a preferred primary treatment for younger people. It makes sense in Japan to start any of the six classes of drugs that include: calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers, and alpha blockers. In Canada and Europe, all of these drugs except alpha-blockers are possible initial options. By comparing antihypertensive drugs that use a first line to treat hypertension with a placebo, beta blockers have a greater benefit in reducing stroke, but there is no difference in coronary heart disease or all the causes leading to death. However, three-quarters of the active cases of beta-blockers in the randomized controlled trials included in the study used atenolol and not a modern beta-blocker vasodilator.

Many patients need more than one drug to be able to control blood pressure. The American Heart Association recommends starting with thiazide and an ACE inhibitor, angiotensin II receptor antagonists or calcium channel blockers in patients with systolic blood pressure above 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure above 100 mm Hg. Complex therapy of an ACE inhibitor with a calcium channel blocker can also be used.

Non-dihydropyridine calcium blockers (such as verapamil or diltiazem) with beta blockers

Dual use of Renin-angiotensin-system drugs (for example an ACE inhibitor with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist)

Renin-angiotensin-system medications with beta-blockers

Beta-blockers with centrally acting pressure reducers (such as clonidine, methyldopa, and moxonidine)

Combinations of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist, diuretic and steroidal anti-inflammatory (including COX-2 inhibitors and over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen) should be avoided because of the increased possibility of acute renal failure. In Australian health care publications this formula is known as the colloquial "jinx".

Tablets containing stationary combinations of two classes of drugs are currently available. Despite the ease with which these tablets provide, it is advisable to preserve them for people who are treated using the individual compounds of these tablets.

Elderly

Treating moderate to severe high blood pressure in people 60 years of age or older reduces death rates and worsens cardiovascular disease. For those over the age of eighty, it appears that treatment does not reduce overall death rates significantly, but it reduces the possibility of heart disease. The recommended target for blood pressure is less than 150/90 mm Hg. The first preferred treatment line in America is thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Calcium channel blockers are the preferred treatment in UK modified guidelines and target readings are less than 150/90 mm Hg in hospital or less than 145/85 mm Hg when monitoring mobile or home blood pressure.

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